Ndị polymer zuru oke - polymers na-edozi ihe anụ ahụ na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi - adịghị adị, mana polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) dị nso na izu okè karịa ọtụtụ.
Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke akwụsịghị ngwaahịa ha na-ejedebe na mkpofu na oke osimiri, ndị na-emepụta polymer sịntetik na-arụgide ọrụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-agbasi mbọ ike iji kwalite imegharị ihe iji gbanarị nkatọ. Companieslọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-anwa idozi nsogbu mkpofu ahụ site n'itinye ego na plastik biodegradable nwere ike ime dịka polylactic acid (PLA) na polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), na-atụ anya na mbibi eke ga-ebelata ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụfọdụ n'ime ihe mkpofu ahụ.
Mana ma imegharị ihe na biopolymers na-eche ihe mgbochi ihu. Dị ka ihe atụ, n’agbanyeghị mgbalị e mere ọtụtụ afọ, United States ka na-eji plastik eme ihe na-erughị pasenti iri. Na polymers nke dabeere na bio - na-emekarị ngwaahịa nke gbaa ụka - na-agbasi mbọ ike iji nweta arụmọrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke polymers sịntetik ha chọrọ iji dochie ya.
PBAT na-ejikọta ụfọdụ ihe bara uru nke sịntetik na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe. A na-enweta ya site na ngwaahịa petrochemical nkịtị - terephthalic acid (PTA) a nụchara anụcha, butanediol na adipic acid, mana ọ nwere ike imebi. Dị ka polymer sịntetik, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ya ngwa ngwa, ma nwee ihe onwunwe dị mkpa iji mee ihe nkiri na-agbanwe agbanwe nke yiri nke plastik omenala.
Mmasị na PBAT na-arị elu. Ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka BASF Germany na Novamont nke Italy na-ahụ ka ọ na-achọsi ike ka ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ịzụlite ahịa ahụ gasịrị. Ndị na-emepụta ihe karịrị ọkara iri na abụọ Eshia sonyeere ha na-atụ anya ka azụmahịa maka polymer na-aga nke ọma ka gọọmentị mpaghara na-akwado nkwado maka nkwado.
Marc Verbruggen, onye bụbu onye isi oche nke onye nrụpụta PLA NatureWorks na ugbu a onye ndụmọdụ onwe ya, kwenyere na PBAT bụ “ngwaahịa bioplastic dị ọnụ ala na nke kachasị mfe imepụta” yana o kwenyere na PBAT na-aghọ bioplastic na-agbanwe agbanwe, Ọ dị n'ihu poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) na ndị asọmpi PHA. O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-eso PLA dị ka plastik abụọ kachasị mkpa na-emebi emebi, nke o kwuru na-aghọ ngwaahịa kachasị maka ngwa siri ike.
Ramani Narayan, onye prọfesọ nke injinịa kemịkalụ na Mahadum Michigan State, kwuru na isi ahịa ahịa PBAT - biodegradability ya sitere na ester bond, kama skeleton carbon-carbon na polymers na-adịghị emebi emebi dị ka polyethylene. Ester bond na-adị mfe hydrolyzed ma mebie site enzymes.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, polylactic acid na PHA bụ polyesters na-emebi mgbe njikọ ester ha mebiri. Mana polyester kachasị - polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nke a na-eji na fibers na karama soda - anaghị agbaji ngwa ngwa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbanaka aromatic dị na ọkpụkpụ ya sitere na PTA. Dị ka Narayan si kwuo, mgbanaka ndị na-enye ihe nhazi na-emekwa PET hydrophobic. "Mmiri adịghị mfe ịbanye na ọ na-ebelata usoro hydrolysis dum," ka o kwuru.
Basf na-eme polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester mere site na butanediol. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-achọ polymer nwere ike ime ka ọ dị ndụ nke ha nwere ike imepụta n'ụzọ dị mfe. Ha dochie ụfọdụ PTA na PBT na adipose diacid glycolic acid. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-ekewa akụkụ aromatic nke polymer ka ha wee nwee ike ịdị ndụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ahapụ PTA zuru ezu iji nye polymer ihe onwunwe bara uru.
Narayan kwenyere na PBAT dị ntakịrị karịa biodegradable karịa PLA, nke chọrọ compost ụlọ ọrụ ka ire ere. Mana ọ nweghị ike ịsọ mpi na PHA ndị dị na azụmaahịa, nke nwere ike imebi n'ọnọdụ okike, ọbụlagodi na gburugburu mmiri.
Ndị ọkachamara na-ejikarị ihe anụ ahụ PBAT tụnyere polyethylene dị obere, polymer na-agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-eji eme ihe nkiri, dị ka akpa mkpofu.
A na-ejikọta PBAT na PLA, polymer siri ike nwere ihe ndị yiri polystyrene. Akara Basf's Ecovio dabere na ngwakọta a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Verbruggen na-ekwu na akpa ịzụ ahịa compostable na-enwekarị 85% PBAT na 15% PLA.
Novamont na-agbakwụnye akụkụ ọzọ na nhazi ahụ. Companylọ ọrụ ahụ na-agwakọta PBAT na polyesters aliphatic aromatic biodegradable na starch iji mepụta resins maka ngwa akọwapụtara.
Stefano Facco, onye njikwa mmepe azụmaahịa ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, kwuru, sị: “N'ime afọ 30 gara aga, Novamont lekwasịrị anya na ngwa ebe ike mmebi nwere ike itinye uru na ngwaahịa ahụ n'onwe ya. "
Otu nnukwu ahịa maka PBAT bụ mulch, nke na-agbasa gburugburu ihe ọkụkụ iji gbochie ahihia ma nyere aka ijide mmiri. Mgbe a na-eji ihe nkiri polyethylene eme ihe, a ga-ebuli ya elu ma na-elikarị ya n'ime ebe a na-edebe ihe. Ma enwere ike ịkụnye ihe nkiri na-emebi emebi ozugbo n'ime ala.
Nnukwu ahịa ọzọ bụ akpa mkpofu ihe na-eme ka ihe oriri na mkpofu ụlọ na nchịkọta ụlọ.
A na-eresị akpa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka BioBag, nke Novamont nwetara na nso nso a, n'ahịa ahịa ruo ọtụtụ afọ.
Oge nzipu: 26-11-21