Ndị polymer zuru oke - polymers na-edozi ihe anụ ahụ na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi - adịghị adị, mana polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) dị nso na izu okè karịa ọtụtụ.
Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke akwụsịghị ngwaahịa ha na-ejedebe na mkpofu na oke osimiri, ndị na-emepụta polymer sịntetik na-arụgide ọrụ.Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-agbasi mbọ ike iji kwalite imegharị ihe iji gbanarị nkatọ.Companieslọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-anwa idozi nsogbu mkpofu ahụ site n'itinye ego na plastik biodegradable nwere ike ime dịka polylactic acid (PLA) na polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), na-atụ anya na mbibi eke ga-ebelata ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụfọdụ n'ime ihe mkpofu ahụ.
Mana ma imegharị ihe na biopolymers na-eche ihe mgbochi ihu.Dị ka ihe atụ, n’agbanyeghị mgbalị e mere ọtụtụ afọ, United States ka na-eji plastik eme ihe na-erughị pasenti iri.Na polymers nke dabeere na bio - na-emekarị ngwaahịa nke gbaa ụka - na-agbasi mbọ ike iji nweta arụmọrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke polymers sịntetik ha chọrọ iji dochie ya.
PBAT na-ejikọta ụfọdụ ihe bara uru nke sịntetik na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe.A na-enweta ya site na ngwaahịa petrochemical nkịtị - terephthalic acid (PTA) a nụchara anụcha, butanediol na adipic acid, mana ọ nwere ike imebi.Dị ka polymer sịntetik, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ya ngwa ngwa, ma nwee ihe onwunwe dị mkpa iji mee ihe nkiri na-agbanwe agbanwe nke yiri nke plastik omenala.
Mmasị na PBAT na-arị elu.Ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka BASF Germany na Novamont nke Italy na-ahụ ka ọ na-achọsi ike ka ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ịzụlite ahịa ahụ gasịrị.Ndị na-emepụta ihe karịrị ọkara iri na abụọ ndị Eshia na-atụ anya ka azụmahịa maka polymer na-aga nke ọma ka gọọmentị mpaghara na-akwado maka nkwado.
Marc Verbruggen, onye bụbu onye isi oche nke onye nrụpụta PLA NatureWorks na ugbu a onye ndụmọdụ onwe ya, kwenyere na PBAT bụ “ngwaahịa bioplastic dị ọnụ ala na nke kachasị mfe imepụta” yana o kwenyere na PBAT na-aghọ bioplastic na-agbanwe agbanwe, Ọ dị n'ihu poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) na ndị asọmpi PHA.O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-eso PLA dị ka plastik abụọ kachasị mkpa na-emebi emebi, nke o kwuru na-aghọ ngwaahịa kachasị maka ngwa siri ike.
Ramani Narayan, onye prọfesọ nke injinịa kemịkalụ na Mahadum Michigan State, kwuru na isi ahịa ahịa PBAT - biodegradability ya sitere na ester bond, kama skeleton carbon-carbon na polymers na-adịghị emebi emebi dị ka polyethylene.Ester bond na-adị mfe hydrolyzed ma mebie site enzymes.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, polylactic acid na PHA bụ polyesters na-emebi mgbe njikọ ester ha mebiri.Mana polyester kachasị - polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nke a na-eji na fibers na karama soda - anaghị agbaji ngwa ngwa.Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbanaka aromatic dị na ọkpụkpụ ya sitere na PTA.Dị ka Narayan si kwuo, mgbanaka ndị na-enye ihe nhazi na-emekwa PET hydrophobic."Mmiri adịghị mfe ịbanye na ọ na-ebelata usoro hydrolysis dum," ka o kwuru.
Basf na-eme polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester mere site na butanediol.Ndị na-eme nchọpụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-achọ polymer nwere ike ime ka ọ dị ndụ nke ha nwere ike imepụta n'ụzọ dị mfe.Ha dochie ụfọdụ PTA na PBT na adipose diacid glycolic acid.N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-ekewa akụkụ aromatic nke polymer ka ha wee nwee ike ịdị ndụ.N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ahapụ PTA zuru ezu iji nye polymer ihe onwunwe bara uru.
Narayan kwenyere na PBAT dị ntakịrị karịa biodegradable karịa PLA, nke chọrọ compost ụlọ ọrụ ka ire ere.Mana ọ nweghị ike ịsọ mpi na PHA ndị dị na azụmaahịa, nke nwere ike imebi n'ọnọdụ okike, ọbụlagodi na gburugburu mmiri.
Ndị ọkachamara na-ejikarị ihe anụ ahụ PBAT tụnyere polyethylene dị obere, polymer na-agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-eji eme ihe nkiri, dị ka akpa mkpofu.
A na-ejikọta PBAT na PLA, polymer siri ike nwere ihe ndị yiri polystyrene.Akara Basf's Ecovio dabere na ngwakọta a.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Verbruggen na-ekwu na akpa ịzụ ahịa compostable na-enwekarị 85% PBAT na 15% PLA.
Novamont na-agbakwụnye akụkụ ọzọ na nhazi ahụ.Companylọ ọrụ ahụ na-agwakọta PBAT na polyesters aliphatic aromatic biodegradable na starch iji mepụta resins maka ngwa akọwapụtara.
Stefano Facco, onye njikwa mmepe azụmaahịa ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, kwuru, sị: “N'ime afọ 30 gara aga, Novamont lekwasịrị anya na ngwa ebe ike mmebi nwere ike itinye uru na ngwaahịa ahụ n'onwe ya."
Otu nnukwu ahịa maka PBAT bụ mulch, nke na-agbasa gburugburu ihe ọkụkụ iji gbochie ahihia ma nyere aka ijide mmiri.Mgbe a na-eji ihe nkiri polyethylene eme ihe, a ga-ebuli ya elu ma na-elikarị ya n'ime ebe a na-edebe ihe.Ma enwere ike ịkụnye ihe nkiri na-emebi emebi ozugbo n'ime ala.
Nnukwu ahịa ọzọ bụ akpa mkpofu ihe na-eme ka ihe oriri na mkpofu ụlọ na nchịkọta ụlọ.
A na-eresị akpa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka BioBag, nke Novamont nwetara na nso nso a, n'ahịa ahịa ruo ọtụtụ afọ.
Oge nzipu: 26-11-21