1. Gịnị bụ plastic?
Plastics bụ ogige polymeric emere site na monomer dị ka akụrụngwa site na mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ polymerization condensation.
Agbụ polymer bụ photopolymer ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ polymerized site na otu monomer. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ monomers na yinye polymer, polymer bụ copolymer. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, plastik bụ polymer.
2. Nhazi nke plastik
Enwere ike kewaa plastik n'ime thermoplastic na thermosetting plastik dị ka steeti ahụ si dị mgbe ọkụ gasịrị.
Thermosetting Plastic bụ rọba nke nwere àgwà nke ikpo ọkụ, ịgwọ ọrịa na nke na-adịghị edozi, ọ bụghị agbaze. Enwere ike ịmepụta plastik naanị otu ugboro.
Ọ na-enwekarị arụmọrụ ọkụ eletrik dị mma, ma nwee ike iguzogide oke okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ.
Ma isi ihe ọghọm ya bụ na nhazi ngwa ngwa na-adị ngwa ngwa na imegharị ihe na-esi ike.
Ụfọdụ plastic thermosetting a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
Plastic phenol (maka aka ite);
Melamine (eji na laminates plastik);
Epoxy resin (maka adhesives);
polyester na-adịghị mma (maka akwa akwa);
Vinyl lipids (nke a na-eji na ahụ ụgbọ ala);
Polyurethane (maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ụfụfụ).
Thermoplastic bụ ụdị rọba nke a na-apụghị imegharị ahụ n'otu okpomọkụ, na-esiwanye ike mgbe ọ jụrụ oyi, ma nwee ike ịmegharị usoro ahụ.
Ya mere, enwere ike ịmegharị thermoplastics.
Enwere ike ịmegharị ihe ndị a ruo ugboro asaa tupu arụmọrụ ha adalata.
3. Nhazi plastik na usoro nhazi
Enwere ụzọ nhazi dị iche iche nke a na-eji mee plastik site na irighiri ihe n'ime ngwaahịa dị iche iche emechara, ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe:
Ịkpụzi injection (usoro nhazi kachasị);
Ịkpụzi ọkụ (na-eme karama na ngwaahịa oghere);
Ịkpụzi ihe mkpofu (mmepụta ọkpọkọ, ọkpọkọ, profaịlụ, eriri);
Ịkpụ ihe nkiri akpụ (na-eme akpa rọba);
Mkpụzi mpịakọta (na-arụpụta nnukwu ngwaahịa oghere, dị ka arịa, buoys);
Ịkpụpụta oghere (mmepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa, igbe nchekwa)
4. Ngwongwo na ngwa nke plastik nkịtị
Enwere ike kewaa plastik ka ọ bụrụ plastik izugbe, rọba injinia, plastik injinị pụrụ iche na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Plastic General: na-ezo aka na plastik a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ndụ anyị, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị plastik gụnyere: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS na ndị ọzọ.
Plastics injinia: plastik eji eme ihe dị ka ihe injinia na nnọchi maka igwe n'ichepụta akụkụ igwe, wdg.
Injin rọba nwere ọmarịcha arụmọrụ zuru oke, isi ike dị elu, ihe na-akpụ akpụ, ike igwe dị elu, ezigbo ọkụ na-eguzogide, ezigbo mkpuchi eletrik, enwere ike iji ya na kemịkalụ siri ike na gburugburu anụ ahụ ruo ogologo oge.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji plastik ise a na-ejikarị eme ihe: PA (polyamide), POM (polyformaldehyde), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate) na PPO (polyphenyl ether) na mpaghara dị iche iche mgbe mgbanwe.
Plastics injinịa pụrụ iche: plastik injinịa pụrụ iche na-ezo aka n'ụdị plastik injinia nwere arụmọrụ zuru oke, arụmọrụ pụrụ iche na arụmọrụ dị mma, yana ogologo oge ojiji okpomọkụ karịa 150 ℃. A na-ejikarị ya na ngwa elektrọnik, eletriki, ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche na mpaghara teknụzụ ndị ọzọ dị elu.
Enwere polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketene (PEEK), polymer kristal mmiri (LCP), nylon dị elu (PPA), wdg.
5. Kedu ihe bụ plastik biodegradable?
Plastics anyị na-ejikarị bụ macromolecules nwere ogologo yinye nke ukwuu polymerized ma sie ike igbasa na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ịkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ nsị nwere ike ịkpata mmerụ ahụ karị, ya mere ndị mmadụ na-achọ plastik nwere ike imebi iji belata nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi.
A na-ekewa rọba na-emebi emebi ka ọ bụrụ plastik fotodedegradable na rọba na-emebi emebi.
Plastics fotodedegradable: N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ ultraviolet na okpomọkụ, a na-agbaji agbụ polymer n'ime ihe owuwu plastik, ka o wee nweta nzube nke mmebi.
Plastics na-emebi emebi: N'okpuru ọnọdụ okike, microorganisms na okike na-agbaji agbụ dị ogologo nke ihe owuwu polymer, n'ikpeazụkwa, a na-agbari iberibe plastik ndị ahụ ma metabolism site na microorganisms n'ime mmiri na carbon dioxide.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, plastik na-emebi emebi nwere ezigbo azụmahịa gụnyere PLA, PBAT, wdg
Oge nzipu: 12-11-21