N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi mmụba na-achọwanye maka imezi gburugburu ebe obibi yana na-aga n'ihu na-ewusi ike nke njikwa mmetọ rọba nke mba, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na China ewetawo nnukwu ohere maka mmepe.
Ihe ọhụrụ ndị nwere ike ime ihe na-emebi emebi, bụ́ nke plastik ndị nwere ike ime ihe na-eduzi, bụ́ ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe ngwọta kasị dị irè maka “mmetọ ọcha” nke rọba ndị a pụrụ ịtụfu ihe, na-abatakwu n’uche ndị mmadụ.
Na-esote, ọ ga-amasị m iwebata ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emebi emebi na-ejikarị eme ihe.
PLA
Polylactic acid (Poly lactic acid PLA) bụ ihe na-emebi emebi na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke a makwaara dị ka polylactide, nke na-adịghị adị na okike ma na-ejikarị polymerized ya na lactic acid dị ka isi akụrụngwa.
Ụkpụrụ n'ozuzu bụ na starch raw material na-saccharified na glucose, na mgbe ahụ, glucose na ụfọdụ bacteria na-fermented na-emepụta elu-ọcha lactic acid, na mgbe ahụ, polylactic acid na ụfọdụ molekụla arọ na-synthesized site chemical njikọ.
PBAT.
PBAT bụ nke thermoplastic biodegradable plastics. Ọ bụ copolymer nke butylene adipate na butylene terephthalate. O nwere njirimara nke ma PBA na PBT. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere ezigbo ductility na elongation na nkwụsịtụ, kamakwa ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsị ọkụ na mmetụta mmetụta. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara ezigbo biodegradability.
N'ime ha, akụrụngwa dị ka butanediol, oxalic acid na PTA dị mfe ma nwee ike ịhazi ya n'ọtụtụ ụdị, dị ka ịkpụzi injection, ịkpụzi extrusion, ịkpụzi ihe na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a gbanweela ma ọ bụ mejupụta ngwaahịa plastik biodegradable nke a na-eji n'ọtụtụ buru ibu n'ahịa, nke a na-ejikarị PBAT na PLA. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akpa rọba na-emebi emebi ejiri mee ihe n'ọtụtụ buru ibu bụ ihe mejupụtara PLA na PBAT.
Ntụle nke ngwa mgbada n'etiti PBAT na PLA
PBS
A na-akpọ PBS polybutylene succinate. Na 1990s, Showa Polymer Company nke Japan bu ụzọ jiri isocyanate dị ka yinye ndọtị wee meghachi omume na polyester dị arọ dị ala nke Polycondensation nke dicarboxylic glycol mebere iji kwadebe polymer arọ molecular dị elu. Polyester PBS malitere ịdọta mmasị sara mbara dị ka ụdị plastik ọhụrụ nke nwere ike imebi. E jiri ya tụnyere ndị polyesters ọdịnala ndị ọzọ, PBS nwere uru nke ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị ala, ebe mgbaze dị oke elu, ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa. Enwere ike nweta isi iyi nke akụrụngwa ọ bụghị naanị site na mmanụ ala, kamakwa site na ịgbakọ ihe ndị dị ndụ. n'okpuru ọnọdụ na mmanụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị emezigharị na-arịwanye elu, njirimara a nwere nnukwu uru.
Nchịkọta, ntụnyere nke ihe onwunwe n'etiti PBS, PLS, PBAT na PHA
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe onwunwe nke plastik ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị iche iche. PLA nwere nghọta dị mma, glossiness, ebe mgbaze dị elu na ike, mana ike siri ike na kristal dị ala. PBAT nwere njirimara nke ma PBA na PBT, ma nwee ezigbo ductility na elongation na nkwụsịtụ. Mana mgbochi mmiri vapor ya na ihe mgbochi oxygen adịghị mma. PBS nwere ezigbo mmiri na-eguzogide, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na ihe zuru oke, windo nhazi okpomọkụ, ma nwee ọrụ nhazi kachasị mma na plastik ndị nwere ike imebi ụwa. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke PBS dị nso na 100C, ọ pụkwara ịdị elu karịa 100C mgbe emezigharịrị. Otú ọ dị, PBS nwekwara ụfọdụ adịghị ike dị ka ike mgbaze dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ kristal dị nwayọọ. N'ihe gbasara biodegradability, ọnọdụ mbibi PLA na-akawanye njọ, PBS na PBAT dị mfe imebi. Ekwesiri ighota na biodegradation nke PLA, PBS na PBAT enweghị ike ime n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ma na-emebikarị enzymes na microorganisms na gburugburu compost, ala, mmiri na sludge na-arụ ọrụ.
N'ịchịkọta, arụmọrụ nke otu ihe eji eme ihe na-emebi emebi nwere nkwarụ nke ya, ma mgbe copolymerization, ngwakọta, inyeaka na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike ikpuchi ngwa ngwa nke plastik ndị dị ka PE, PP na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, textile, tableware nwere ike ikpofu. were gabazie.
Oge nzipu: 20-12-22